Diabetes

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Diabetes- A General Overview Of The Disorder

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In very simple words, diabetes disorder in when your blood sugar levels are beyond normal levels. It is not just high, but severely high, such that excess sugar levels can harm different organs of the body.

Most people have a common misconception that diabetes only occurs when blood sugar levels rise. Yes, it is true in the majority of cases. However, as per studies of the FDA, there is also another case that leads to the disorder, and that is when your body is not making enough insulin.

The doctors warn people that it is a disorder that can occur at any age. Even a child right after birth may have this issue right from the infancy stage.

The WHO states that around 60% of diabetic cases are lifelong or take at least a few decades to cure. However, it is true that with the use of the right remedy, sugar levels can be kept under control and at manageable levels.

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Diabetes Types

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The FDA states that diabetes can have different stages, such as

• Type-1 Diabetes

This is an autoimmune condition where the immune system goes bizarre and rogue and starts killing cells that produce insulin. As per stats from the NIH in the US in 2019, up to 30% of people have type 1 diabetes in the US alone.

• Pre-Diabetes

This is typically the stage where you have not reached the more severe form of diabetes or type 2 diabetes, as we shall tell you later. Your blood glucose levels are still much higher than normal, but not high enough to be officially declared as type-2 diabetic.

• Type-2 Diabetes

This is the stage of diabetes that the FDA clearly states as the most severe type and is non-reversible. Yes, you got it right, as to today, we do not have a cure for this stage of diabetes.

As per studies done in the Institute for Diabetology in the UK, in this stage, you only have to keep taking medicines and other remedies to check blood sugar levels from going up even higher.

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Symptoms

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The FDA has a clear recommendation for patients with a list of diabetic symptoms in children. These are-

• Thirst
• Dry mouth
• Peeing too much
• Fatigue
• Blur vision
• Loss of weight
• Tingling sensations in the feet and palms
• Edema
• Longer time for wounds and cuts to heal
• Skin infections

The FDA directs parents to take their child to the doctors right away in case any of these signs occur. However, through more research, it has been found that the same set of symptoms can also occur in adults.

Additional Signs Of Type 1 Diabetes

• Vomiting
• Stomach pains
• Hard labour with normal breathing
• Diabetic ketoacidosis

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Diabetes During Pregnancy

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The WHO states that sometimes pregnant women are prone to the issue during the months of pregnancy. Through studies in different countries and age groups, it has been found that it generally occurs in pregnant mothers during the 28 to 32 weeks of pregnancy.

Through more research, it has been found that in 75% of the cases the first signs begin to occur from the end of the second trimester. The condition soon develops by the beginning of the last pregnancy trimester.

Since this form of diabetes occurs only in pregnant women, it is known as gestational diabetes.

The WHO, in its further report after a study in 2015, found that it may recur again during subsequent childbirths. What it means is that in case you had gestational diabetes during the first pregnancy, it may occur again during the second pregnancy and later on. However, the issue is rare to occur in case it does not occur during the first childbirth.

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Diabetes Cause

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The FDA, in its directive, states the following reasons as the core problems behind the issue-

• Resistance To Insulin

This is the stage where the insulin gets more and more ineffective in its action. Even though scientists are not sure of the cause yet, they believe different factors can contribute to it such as-.

• Obesity
• Poor diet
• Lack of physical activity
• Use of certain medicines
• Genetic problems

• Autoimmune Conditions

As we have told you above, stage 1 of diabetes is the problem where an autoimmune condition develops, and your immune cells start to attack healthy cells of the pancreas and affecting its ability to produce the insulin hormone.

• Hormonal Problems

Through studies, scientists have been able to find out that diabetes is more common among those people who have low levels of-

• Insulin
• Testosterone in males
• Progesterone in females

Pregnancy is such a time in your life when your body goes through a lot of changes, and because of this, diabetes often strikes pregnant mothers due to severe hormonal changes.

• Pancreatic Disorders

Your pancreas, the organ that produces insulin, may be damaged because of a disorder like cancer, other infections, or conditions.

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Long-Term Issues With Diabetes

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Often, that is around 70% of the cases, it is seen that other complications will develop in people who have stage-2 diabetes or diabetes mellitus.

Some of the issues are-

• Coronary artery disorder
• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Nerve damage causing seizures
• Neuralgia
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Diabetic retinopathy or damage to the vision and retina
• Skin infection
• Retinal problems
• Urinary incontinence
• Sexual problems like ED in males
• Gum disorders
• Mental health issues like depression

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Diagnosis

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As you can logically guess, doctors will always want to check your existing blood glucose levels. For this, they may conduct different types of tests such as.

• Fasting blood glucose
• Random blood sugar test
• A1c test, which is the average blood glucose level over the last few months

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Management

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To let you understand management of diabetes is the primary aim of the doctors. For this, the doctors may tell you steps like-

• Blood glucose tests and charting at home
• Stricter diet
• Exercise
• Getting rid of addictions

Along with this, the doctors will recommend a suitable remedy such as

• Medicines like Rybelsus
• Insulin pills
• Injections

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Final Thoughts

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Therefore, we hope that now you have a much better understanding of the diabetes disorder. We have mentioned each stage of diabetes, the risks of complications, and given suitable remedies.